Research Article Open Access

Germination Time Dependence of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Germinated Rough Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Anuchita Moongngarm1 and Ekkalak Khomphiphatkul1
  • 1 Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand

Abstract

Problem statement: Germinated rice has been recognized as a functional food and its health benefits. However, most related studies were on germinated brown rice but our previous study indicated that germination of rough rice was an effective method to obtain high concentrations of bioactive compounds. Germination time is one of the most important factors affecting the level of biochemical compositions and antioxidant activity. Approach: Rough rice seeds were soaked in water for 2 days and germinated for four different days (1- 4 days). Total phenolic compounds, phytic acid,α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol were investigated compared with those of ungerminated brown rice. The antioxidant activity of germinated rice was evaluated through four different methods, the 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation assay and linoleic acid emulsion system-thiocyanate method. Results: The results showed that the germination for 2 days or longer, after soaking, yielded significantly higher level of total phenolic, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol than those of ungerminated brown rice and soaked rice, whilst the concentration of phytic acid was reduced significantly when germination time was increased. The samples germinated for one day or longer also revealed greater antioxidant activity than those of ungerminated rice. Conclusion: The level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of germinated rough rice were affected by germination time. Germination for 2 and 3 days was the optimum time for germination rough rice to obtain high concentration of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity. The germination process of rough rice could be a potential method to obtain functional germinated rice flour with high bioactive compounds and health beneficial properties and could be applied to produce functional food products.

American Journal of Applied Sciences
Volume 8 No. 1, 2011, 15-25

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2011.15.25

Submitted On: 6 January 2011 Published On: 31 January 2011

How to Cite: Moongngarm, A. & Khomphiphatkul, E. (2011). Germination Time Dependence of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Germinated Rough Rice (Oryza sativa L.). American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2011.15.25

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Keywords

  • Germinated brown rice
  • germinated rough rice
  • bioactive compounds
  • Brown Rice (BR)
  • Dried Matter (DM)
  • Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC)
  • Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)
  • Malonaldehyde (MDA)
  • original weight