Research Article Open Access

Modules Over Rings of Small Characteristics and Maximality of Data Hiding ratio in CPTE Schemes

Phan Trung Huy1, Cheonshik Kim2 and Nguyen Hai Thanh3
  • 1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
  • 2 Department in Digital Media Engineering, Anyang University, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
  • 3 Ministry of Education and Training, Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

Introduced CPT scheme as a block-based hiding scheme based on the ring of the integers modulo 2r, which permits to embed r = ⌊log2(k+1)⌋ secret bits in F by changing at most two entries, while the highest number of secret bits in any CPT-based schemes is MSDR2 = ⌊log2(1+k (k+1)/2)⌋, approximately 2r-1. This ratio can be reached approximately in our proposed CPTE1 scheme by using modules on the ring Z2 of integers modulo 2, as an instance of application of modules over rings of small characteristics. As a consequence, a new modified scheme-CPTE2 is to control the quality of stego-images. The CPTE2 scheme gives 2r-2 embedded bits approximately, more than r-2 bits by Tseng-Pan’s scheme, while the quality is the same.

American Journal of Applied Sciences
Volume 10 No. 9, 2013, 1102-1108

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2013.1102.1108

Submitted On: 11 July 2013 Published On: 24 August 2013

How to Cite: Huy, P. T., Kim, C. & Thanh, N. H. (2013). Modules Over Rings of Small Characteristics and Maximality of Data Hiding ratio in CPTE Schemes. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(9), 1102-1108. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2013.1102.1108

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Keywords

  • Maximality
  • Secret Data Ratio
  • Binary Image
  • Steganography
  • CPTE Scheme