TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sern Mi, Michelle Lim 
AU  - Islam, Md. Shabiul 
AU  - Sampe, Jahariah 
AU  - Md. Ali, Sawal Hamid 
PY  - 2016
TI  - Review of Charge Pump Topologies for Micro Energy Harvesting Systems
JF  - American Journal of Applied Sciences
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
DO  - 10.3844/ajassp.2016.628.645
UR  - https://thescipub.com/abstract/ajassp.2016.628.645
AB  - This paper reviews CMOS based charge pump topologies used within autonomous embedded micro-systems. These charge pump structures have evolved from its simplistic diode-tied, single-branches with major threshold drops to exponential type, dual-branches with sophisticated gate and substrate control for lower voltage operation. Published charge pumps are grouped based on architecture, operation principles and pump optimization techniques with their pros and cons compared and results contrasted. The various charge pump topologies and schemes used are considered based on pumping efficiency, power efficiency, charge transferability, circuit complexity, pumping capacitors, form factor and minimum supply voltages with an optimum load. This article concludes with an overview of suitable techniques and recommendations that will aid a designer in selecting the most suitable charge pump topology especially for low ambient micro energy harvesting applications.