TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jiang, Wei 
PY  - 2012
TI  - Microbial Translocation and B Cell Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
JF  - American Journal of Immunology
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
DO  - 10.3844/ajisp.2012.44.51
UR  - https://thescipub.com/abstract/ajisp.2012.44.51
AB  - The gut mucosal barrier disrupted in HIV disease, resulting in increased systemic exposure to microbial products such as Lipo Polys Accharide (LPS). The association of enhanced microbial translocation and B cell dysfunction in HIV disease is not fully understood. High dose and short term exposure of microbial Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists were used as vaccine adjuvants, however, low dose and long term exposure of TLR agonists could be harmful. The characteristics of B cell dysfunction in HIV disease included B cell, especially memory B cell depletion, enhanced levels of autoimmune antibodies and impaired vaccine or antigen responsiveness. This review discusses and explores the possibility of the effect of microbial translocation on memory B cell depletion and impaired vaccine responses in HIV infection. By determining the mechanisms of B cell depletion and perturbations in HIV disease, it may be possible to design interventions that can improve immune responses to vaccines, reduce selected opportunistic infections and perhaps slow disease progression.