@article {10.3844/ajptsp.2010.112.118,
article_type = {journal},
title = {The Effects of W7, a Specific Calmodulin Inhibitor, to the Antinociceptive Effects of Morphine in Adrenalectomized Rats},
author = {Sepehri, Gholamreza and Yaghoobi, Kayvan and Sheibani, Vahid and Shamsizadeh, Ali and Khaksari, Mohammad},
volume = {5},
year = {2010},
month = {Jun},
pages = {112-118},
doi = {10.3844/ajptsp.2010.112.118},
url = {https://thescipub.com/abstract/ajptsp.2010.112.118},
abstract = {Problem statement: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of W7 (specific
calmodulin inhibitor) on morphine induced analgesia in Adrenalectomized (ADX) rats by tail-flick
test. Approach: Tolerance to morphine was induced in male Wistar rats by daily injections of
morphine (15 mg kg-1, i.p) for 8 days. Adrenalectomy was performed under general anesthesia with
intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of ketamine (50 mg kg-1) and xylazine (5 mg kg-1). In sham operated
animals only the incision was made but adrenals were not removed. Five days after surgery, W7 (0.25,
0.5, 1 and 2 μmol rat-1) was injected Intracerebroventricularlly (ICV) concomitant with morphine (15 mg
kg-1, i.p) for 8 consecutive days. Tail Flick Latency (TFL) was used to assess the nociceptive response at
days 1, 3, 5 and 8 before and 30 min after morphine administration in sham operated and ADX rats.
Maximal Possible Effect percentage (MPE %) was considered as analgesia index. Results: The results
showed that daily morphine injection caused a marked analgesia in rats, but MPE % decreased
significantly after 8 days which shows the development of tolerance to morphine (p},
journal = {American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology},
publisher = {Science Publications}
}