Research Article Open Access

Induction of a Soluble Anti-HIV-1 factor (s) with IFN-γ, IL-10, and β-Chemokine Modulating Activity by an Influenza-Bacterial Polyantigenic Mixture

José W. Rodríguez1, Nat O. Pagan1, Mar C. Ocasio1, Zilka Ríos1, Luis A. Cubano1, Nawal M. Boukli1, Miguel Otero1, Robert Hunter1, Madhavan P. Nair2 and Eddy Rios-Olivares1
  • 1 Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, United States
  • 2 Florida International University College of Medicine, United States

Abstract

Partial immune restoration may be obtained with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but specific anti-HIV-1 immune responses do not appear to improve substantially. We have demonstrated that a soluble factor(s) induced by a mixture of inactivated influenza and bacterial vaccines called polyantigenic immunomodulator (PAI), possesses strong immunoregulatory and anti- HIV-1 activities. In the present study, we show that culture fluids from both PAI-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD8+ T-cells of HIV-1 infected patients were able to suppress HIV-1 replication in an MHC-unrestricted fashion. The PAI-induced antiviral activity was eliminated when culture fluids were pre-heated at 100°C for 10 min. and it is associated with induction of IFN-γ, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES production, but inhibition of IL-10. Furthermore, this induction is dependent on the immunological status (CD4:CD8 ratio) of the HIV-1 infected patient. Taken together, our results suggest that the MHC-unrestricted HIV-1 suppression that is induced by culture fluids from PAI-stimulated PBMC may result from the stimulation of immune cell subpopulations to produce a heat-labile antiviral soluble factor(s), which in turn modulate cytokine and β-chemokine production. The identification of this PAI-induced soluble factor(s) may have major therapeutic potential.

American Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 3 No. 4, 2007, 267-275

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2007.267.275

Submitted On: 16 September 2007 Published On: 31 December 2007

How to Cite: Rodríguez, J. W., Pagan, N. O., Ocasio, M. C., Ríos, Z., Cubano, L. A., Boukli, N. M., Otero, M., Hunter, R., Nair, M. P. & Rios-Olivares, E. (2007). Induction of a Soluble Anti-HIV-1 factor (s) with IFN-γ, IL-10, and β-Chemokine Modulating Activity by an Influenza-Bacterial Polyantigenic Mixture. American Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3(4), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajidsp.2007.267.275

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Keywords

  • Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)
  • polyantigenic immunomodulator (PAI)
  • antiviral activity
  • cytokines
  • β-chemokines